 Alchemy and other mysteries I remember back before I was a jewelry/metals student, hearing about rare rose and white gold from the Black Hills. So confusing, because I knew gold was yellow, so how did some of it get to be rose colored? And of course I knew gold was soft, because on TV everyone was always biting a gold coin to see if it was real! So why isn't gold jewelry that soft? And what is all this business with 14 karats and 18 karats? I've puzzled out the answers to those and many more questions about gold over the years, so I thought it would be fun to share a bit about what I've learned. First off, yes pure gold is yellow and very soft, way too soft for jewelry. Another way to say pure gold is to say 24 karat gold, or 24K. The karat is the measure of purity, so 24/24 = 100% pure. (Why 24 parts and not 25 or 10? No idea, sorry!) In order to create a gold alloy that is strong enough for jewelry and less expensive, it is alloyed with other metals. For instance, 18k yellow gold is 75% pure gold, and 25% base metals (that 25% is generally equal parts silver and copper to keep the color neutral). 18/24 = 75%. Bonus fact: in many countries, 18k gold is marked 750.  Rose, white, peach and green! So the non-yellow golds are created by adding different colored metals to the alloy. That is why colored golds are often 14K, to allow for more color development. 14/24 = 58% gold, 42% other metal. If the other metal is all copper, you get rose gold. If the other metal is all palladium or nickel, you get white gold. Odd color golds like peach and green are other combinations of silver, copper, and nickel or palladium. Each gold refiner and even time period has its own special 'recipe' for the alloy, causing slight variations even within one color and karat combination (not all 18k yellow is the same yellow, for instance - vintage yellow gold tends to be rosier). Of course each karat and color combination has its own working characteristics - melting temp, hardness, ductility, etc. Bonus fact: nickel white gold is banned in Europe, as they've determined nickel causes skin allergies and may be carcinogenic. That is one reason I only use palladium in my white gold. It is really fun to alloy your own colored golds - just takes some math, a scale, some borax, a clean crucible and a torch. Oh, and something to pour that gold into! Many goldsmiths prefer to order their gold in 24k form, and always alloy it themselves. I do that occasionally, but prefer the convenience of ordering the karat, color and shape that is close to what I need. So the non-yellow golds are created by adding different colored metals to the alloy. That is why colored golds are often 14K, to allow for richer color development. 14/24 = 58% gold, 42% other metal. If the other metal is all copper, you get rose gold. If the other metal is all palladium or nickel, you get white gold. Odd color golds like peach and green are usually combinations of silver, copper, and nickel or palladium. Of course each karat and color combination has its own working characteristics - melting temp, hardness, ductility, etc. It is really fun to alloy your own colored golds - just takes some math, a scale, some borax, a clean crucible and a torch. Oh, and something to pour that gold into! Many goldsmiths prefer to order their gold in 24k form, and always alloy it themselves. I do that occasionally, but prefer the convenience of ordering the karat, color and shape that is close to what I need.  So, what about that carat?
Spelling is important here, because a carat is another thing entirely - a unit of weight for measuring precious stones, often diamonds. One carat = 200 milligrams. A round one carat diamond is about 6.4mm in diameter.
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I love sterling silver. I love the color, I love how it saws (like butter!) and how cleanly it solders. But most of all, I love to hammer and form silver. In making this piece, I am celebrating silver being a little lower in cost (under $16 an ounce last I checked) and indulging my love of the whitest metal. I'm also fabricating this goblet as part of an advanced metals class I'm teaching at WCCPL, a great continuing education facility just a mile from my studio. The class goes for seven sessions, and so far students have been working on paper models and copper samples to get amped up for working "big" in silver. I soldered the first seam during the last class to the students' delight (didn't melt it, thank goodness). It has been way too long since I've worked on this scale, so I am having so much fun. The design is based on a smaller vessel I made years ago (in a few of the pics), but in this one I am being unabashedly inspired by George R.R. Martin's great books and TV series, Game of Thrones. Design elements that are just in my head so far include a base and stem consisting of twisting tree branches, with perhaps a few red leaves (copper with rokusho patina for the technically minded). Also riveted mokume gane shield shapes. Stay tuned for more progress pics! |
Anne WolfEducator, metalsmith, jeweler, maker of custom mokume gane metalwork.
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